Torticollis Treatment in Pediatric Physical Therapy
What is Congenital Muscular Torticollis?
Torticollis is defined as the shortening of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle on one side of the neck. Torticollis results in the baby’s head side-bending (tilting) towards the affected side while rotating toward the opposite side. Although rare, you may notice a firm, nontender mass in the affected SCM.
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Torticollis can be present at birth or develop later. You may notice:
A preference for looking to one side during play, sleep, bottle feeding, or nursing.
Difficulty tolerating tummy time or belly play
Postural asymmetries beyond the neck, affecting the skull, facial features, arms, legs, and trunk.
A flat spot (plagiocephaly) on one side of the back of the head, which commonly occurs alongside torticollis.
Torticollis can lead to feeding difficulties, delayed visual development, vestibular dysfunction, asymmetrical strength and range of motion, delayed protective reactions, and delayed gross motor skills. While the “Back to Sleep” campaign has increased the prevalence of torticollis and plagiocephaly, placing babies on their backs remains essential to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
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Torticollis Treatment
The Importance of Early Intervention
The outlook for babies with torticollis is very positive, especially with early intervention. Most cases resolve with consistent therapy, and the earlier treatment begins, the faster and more complete the recovery!